F-1 Student Visa Guide
Everything you need to maintain status and navigate OPT
Overview
The F-1 visa is a nonimmigrant student visa that allows foreign nationals to study at US academic institutions. Maintaining your F-1 status requires following strict rules set by SEVP (Student and Exchange Visitor Program) and your DSO (Designated School Official).
Step-by-Step Guide
Get Accepted & Receive I-20
Your US school sends you an I-20 (Certificate of Eligibility) after admission.
- Confirm your enrollment with the school
- Receive Form I-20 from your DSO
- Review all information on I-20 for accuracy
- Pay SEVIS fee (Form I-901) at fmjfee.com
Apply for F-1 Visa at US Embassy/Consulate
Schedule and attend a visa interview at the nearest US Embassy.
- Complete DS-160 online application
- Pay visa application fee (MRV fee)
- Schedule visa interview appointment
- Prepare documents: I-20, SEVIS fee receipt, DS-160, passport, financial proof, admission letter
- Attend visa interview
Enter the US
You may enter up to 30 days before your program start date.
- Carry original I-20 when entering
- Keep your SEVIS fee receipt
- Verify your I-94 record at i94.cbp.dhs.gov within 3 days
- Register for classes immediately
Maintain F-1 Status
Ongoing requirements to keep your F-1 status valid.
- Enroll full-time each semester (usually 12+ credits)
- Report address changes to DSO within 10 days
- Keep passport valid (renew 6 months before expiry)
- Get travel signature on I-20 before leaving US (valid 6 months)
- Report major changes (major, employer, graduation date) to DSO
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I work on an F-1 visa?
On-campus employment is allowed up to 20 hours/week during classes, 40 hours during breaks. Off-campus work requires authorization (CPT or OPT). Unauthorized work is a severe violation that can result in deportation.
What is the grace period after graduation?
F-1 students get a 60-day grace period after their program end date (or OPT end date) to leave the US, transfer schools, or change status.
Can I travel outside the US on F-1?
Yes, with a valid visa stamp and travel signature on your I-20 (from your DSO, valid 6 months). Your visa stamp must be valid to re-enter; if expired, you'll need to apply for a new one abroad.
What happens if I drop below full-time enrollment?
Dropping below full-time without DSO authorization violates your F-1 status. Contact your DSO before dropping classes. Exceptions exist for final semester, medical reasons, and academic difficulty (with DSO approval).
Quick Facts
Not legal advice
This guide provides general information only. For your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.
Next guide
OPT & STEM OPT Guide